@article{nokey,

title = {Cell-free therapy based on extracellular vesicles: a promising therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve injury},

author = {Tianhao Yu and Yingxi Xu and Muhammad Arslan Ahmad and Rabia Javed and Haruo Hagiwara and Xiaohong Tian},

url = {https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-023-03467-5#:~:text=MSC%2Dderived%20exosomes%20have%20a,in%20the%20peripheral%20nerve%20microenvironment},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-19},

urldate = {2023-09-19},

abstract = {Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the public health concerns that can result in a loss of sensory or motor function in the areas in which injured and non-injured nerves come together. Up until now, there has been no optimized therapy for complete nerve regeneration after PNI. Exosome-based therapies are an emerging and effective therapeutic strategy for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Exosomes, as natural extracellular vesicles, contain bioactive molecules for intracellular communications and nervous tissue function, which could overcome the challenges of cell-based therapies. Furthermore, the bioactivity and ability of exosomes to deliver various types of agents, such as proteins and microRNA, have made exosomes a potential approach for neurotherapeutics. However, the type of cell origin, dosage, and targeted delivery of exosomes still pose challenges for the clinical translation of exosome therapeutics. In this review, we have focused on Schwann cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes in nerve tissue regeneration. Also, we expressed the current understanding of MSC-derived exosomes related to nerve regeneration and provided insights for developing a cell-free MSC therapeutic strategy for nerve injury.},

keywords = {Exosomes, Neurological Conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for rotator cuff tendinopathy},

author = {Zetao Wang and Youguo Liao and Canlong Wang and Chenqi Tang and Cailian Fang and Junchao Luo and Hengzhi Liu and Xianan Mo and Zicheng Wang and Lingfang Shen and Junjuan Wang and Xiao Chen and Jianyou Li and Weiliang Shen},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470406/},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-23},

urldate = {2023-07-23},

abstract = {Rotator cuff tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal disorder that imposes significant health and economic burden. Stem cell therapy has brought hope for tendon healing in patients with final stage rotator cuff tendinopathy. Some clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for rotator cuff tendinopathy, but its application has not been promoted and approved. There are still many issues that should be solved prior to using stem cell therapy in clinical applications. The optimal source and dose of stem cells for rotator cuff tendinopathy should be determined. We also proposed novel prospective approaches that can overcome cell population heterogeneity and standardize patient types for stem cell applications.},

keywords = {Sports Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Exploring the Potential of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery},

author = {Dang-Khoa Tran and Thuy Nguyen and Thi Phuong and Nhat-Le Bui and Vijai Singh and Qi Hao Looi},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2021.3134994},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-05},

abstract = {Over the last decade, stem cell-associated therapies are widely used because of their potential in self-renewable and multipotent differentiation ability. Stem cells have become more attractive for aesthetic uses and plastic surgery, including scar reduction, breast augmentation, facial contouring, hand rejuvenation, and anti-aging. The current preclinical and clinical studies of stem cells on aesthetic uses also showed promising outcomes. Adipose-derived stem cells are commonly used for fat grafting that demonstrated scar improvement, anti-aging, skin rejuvenation properties, etc. While stem cell-based products have yet to receive approval from the FDA for aesthetic medicine and plastic surgery. Moving forward, the review on the efficacy and potential of stem cell-based therapy for aesthetic and plastic surgery is limited. In the present review, we discuss the current status and recent advances of using stem cells for aesthetic and plastic surgery. The potential of cell-free therapy and tissue engineering in this field is also highlighted. The clinical applications, advantages, and limitations are also discussed. This review also provides further works that need to be investigated to widely apply stem cells in the clinic, especially in aesthetic and plastic contexts.},

keywords = {Anti-Aging},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Stem Cells in Clinical Trials on Neurological Disorders: Trends in Stem Cells Origins, Indications, and Status of the Clinical Trials.},

author = {Eugenia D Namiot and Jenni Viivi Linnea Niemi and Vladimir N Chubarev and Vadim V Tarasov and Helgi B Schiöth},

url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36232760},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-28},

urldate = {2022-09-28},

abstract = {Neurological diseases can significantly reduce the quality and duration of life. Stem cells provide a promising solution, not only due to their regenerative features but also for a variety of other functions, including reducing inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. Although only hematopoietic cells have been approved by the FDA so far, the number of trials continues to expand. We analyzed 492 clinical trials and illustrate the trends in stem cells origins, indications, and phase and status of the clinical trials. The most common neurological disorders treated with stem cells were injuries of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves (14%), stroke (13%), multiple sclerosis (12%), and brain tumors (11%). Mesenchymal stem cells dominated (83%) although the choice of stem cells was highly dependent on the neurological disorder. Of the 492 trials, only two trials have reached phase 4, with most of all other trials being in phases 1 or 2, or transitioning between them (83%). Based on a comparison of the obtained results with similar works and further analysis of the literature, we discuss some of the challenges and future directions of stem cell therapies in the treatment of neurological diseases.},

keywords = {Neurological Conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Interaction between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Immune System in Rheumatoid Arthritis},

author = {Darina Bačenkov and Marianna Trebuňová and Radoslav Morochovič and Erik Dosedla and Alena Findrik Balogová},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fph15080941},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-15},

urldate = {2022-08-15},

abstract = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes damage to joints. This review focuses on the possibility of influencing the disease through immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). There is an occurrence of rheumatoid factor and RA-specific autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins in most patients. Citrulline proteins have been identified in the joints of RA patients, and are considered to be the most suitable candidates for the stimulation of anti-citrulline protein antibodies production. Fibroblast-like proliferating active synoviocytes actively promote inflammation and destruction in the RA joint, in association with pro-inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process may be suppressed by MSCs, which are a population of adherent cells with the following characteristic phenotype: CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD45−, CD34− and HLA DR−. Following the stimulation process, MSCs are capable of immunomodulatory action through the release of bioactive molecules, as well as direct contact with the cells of the immune system. Furthermore, MSCs show the ability to suppress natural killer cell activation and dendritic cells maturation, inhibit T cell proliferation and function, and induce T regulatory cell formation. MSCs produce factors that suppress inflammatory processes, such as PGE2, TGF-β, HLA-G5, IDO, and IL-10. These properties suggest that MSCs may affect and suppress the excessive inflammation that occurs in RA. The effect of MSCs on rheumatoid arthritis has been proven to be a suitable alternative treatment thanks to successful experiments and clinical studies.},

keywords = {Arthritis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs: A new therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration},

author = {Zhichao Li and Yan Wu and Guoqing Tan and Zhanwang Xu and Haipeng Xue},

url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/36160436},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-09},

urldate = {2022-08-09},

abstract = {Low back pain has been found as a major cause of global disease burden and disability. Intervertebral disc degeneration is recognized as the vital factor causing low back pain. Intervertebral disc degeneration has a complex mechanism and cannot be avoided. Traditional strategies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration cannot meet the needs of intervertebral disc regeneration, so novel treatment methods are urgently required. Exosomes refer to extracellular vesicles that can be released by most cells, and play major roles in intercellular material transport and information transmission. MicroRNAs have been identified as essential components in exosomes, which can be selectively ingested by exosomes and delivered to receptor cells for the regulation of the physiological activities and functions of receptor cells. Existing studies have progressively focused on the role of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. The focus on this paper is placed on the changes of microenvironment during intervertebral disc degeneration and the biogenesis and mechanism of action of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs. The research results and deficiencies of exosomes and exosomal microRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis, extracellular matrix homeostasis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis in intervertebral disc degeneration are primarily investigated. The aim of this paper is to identify the latest research results, potential applications and challenges of this emerging treatment strategy.},

keywords = {Back Pain, Disc Regeneration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes},

author = {Zhaoxia Zhang and Tao Mi and Liming Jin and Mujie Li and Chenghao Zhanghuang and Jinkui Wang and Xiaojun Tan and Hongxu Lu and Lianju Shen and Chunlan Long and Guanghui Weiand Dawei Hecorresponding},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9284776/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-15},

abstract = {Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown to have effective application prospects in the medical field, but exosome yield is very low. The production of exosome mimetic vesicles (EMVs) by continuous cell extrusion leads to more EMVs than exosomes, but whether the protein compositions of MSC-derived EMVs (MSC-EMVs) and exosomes (MSC-exosomes) are substantially different remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis of MSC-EMVs and MSC-exosomes and to simply explore the effects of exosomes and EMVs on wound healing ability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of EMVs and exosomes.



In this study, EMVs from human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC MSCs) were isolated by continuous extrusion, and exosomes were identified after hUC MSC ultracentrifugation. A proteomic analysis was performed, and 2315 proteins were identified. The effects of EMVs and exosomes on the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by cell counting kit-8, scratch wound, transwell and tubule formation assays. A mouse mode was used to evaluate the effects of EMVs and exosomes on wound healing.



Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 1669 proteins in both hUC MSC-EMVs and hUC MSC-exosomes play roles in retrograde vesicle-mediated transport and vesicle budding from the membrane. The 382 proteins unique to exosomes participate in extracellular matrix organization and extracellular structural organization, and the 264 proteins unique to EMVs target the cell membrane. EMVs and exosomes can promote wound healing and angiogenesis in mice and promote the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs.



This study presents a comprehensive proteomic analysis of hUC MSC-derived exosomes and EMVs generated by different methods. The tissue repair function of EMVs and exosomes was herein verified by wound healing experiments, and these results reveal their potential applications in different fields based on analyses of their shared and unique proteins.},

keywords = {Exosomes},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Intervertebral Disc Regeneration Review},

author = {Basanta Bhujel and Hae-Eun Shin and Dong-Jun Choiand and Inbo Han},

url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35806304},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-30},

urldate = {2022-06-30},

abstract = {Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common cause of lower back pain (LBP), which burdens individuals and society as a whole. IVDD occurs as a result of aging, mechanical trauma, lifestyle factors, and certain genetic abnormalities, leads to loss of nucleus pulposus, alteration in the composition of the extracellular matrix, excessive oxidative stress, and inflammation in the intervertebral disc. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are considered a boon for the treatment of IVDD, but the effectiveness of those strategies is limited. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as a possible promising regenerative therapy for IVDD due to their paracrine effect, restoration of the degenerated cells, and capacity for differentiation into disc cells. Recent investigations have shown that the pleiotropic effect of MSCs is not related to differentiation capacity but is mediated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors. Early studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes have therapeutic potential for treating IVDD by promoting cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, modulation of the inflammatory response, and reduced apoptosis. This paper highlights the current state of MSC-derived exosomes in the field of treatment of IVDD with further possible future developments, applications, and challenges.

},

keywords = {Spine conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Advances in Stem Cell Therapies for Rotator Cuff Injuries},

author = {Hao-Nan Wang and Xiao Rong and Lu-Ming Yang and Wei-Zhong Hua and Guo-Xin Nicorresponding},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9174670/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-25},

abstract = {Rotator cuff injury is a common upper extremity musculoskeletal disease that may lead to persistent pain and functional impairment. Despite the clinical outcomes of the surgical procedures being satisfactory, the repair of the rotator cuff remains problematic, such as through failure of healing, adhesion formation, and fatty infiltration. Stem cells have high proliferation, strong paracrine action, and multiple differentiation potential, which promote tendon remodeling and fibrocartilage formation and increase biomechanical strength. Additionally, stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) can increase collagen synthesis and inhibit inflammation and adhesion formation by carrying regulatory proteins and microRNAs. Therefore, stem cell-based therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy that has great potential for rotator cuff healing. In this review, we summarize the advances of stem cells and stem cell-derived EVs in rotator cuff repair and highlight the underlying mechanism of stem cells and stem cell-derived EVs and biomaterial delivery systems. Future studies need to explore stem cell therapy in combination with cellular factors, gene therapy, and novel biomaterial delivery systems.},

keywords = {Sports Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Sources in Meniscus Repair and Regeneration},

author = {Guocheng Ding and Jianing Du and Xiaoqing Hu and Yingfang},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9091333/},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-27},

urldate = {2022-04-27},

abstract = {Meniscus damage is a common trauma that often arises from sports injuries or menisci tissue degeneration. Current treatment methods focus on the repair, replacement, and regeneration of the meniscus to restore its original function. The advance of tissue engineering provides a novel approach to restore the unique structure of the meniscus. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells found in tissues including bone marrow, peripheral blood, fat, and articular cavity synovium have shown specific advantages in meniscus repair. Although various studies explore the use of stem cells in repairing meniscal injuries from different sources and demonstrate their potential for chondrogenic differentiation, their meniscal cartilage-forming properties are yet to be systematically compared. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and compare different sources of mesenchymal stem cells for meniscal repair and regeneration.},

keywords = {Sports Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease},

author = {Liuting Zeng and Ganpeng Yu and Kailin Yang and Wang Xiang and Jun Li and Hua Chen},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2022%2F9463314},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-24},

urldate = {2022-03-24},

abstract = {Autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases caused by the immune system's response to self-antigens, resulting in self-tissue damage or dysfunction. It mainly includes systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome, polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by the production of autoantibodies, which bind to the host's own proteins or form immune complexes and deposit in tissues. Any organ of the body may become a target organ for autoimmunity, including skin, joints, kidneys, and blood vessels. The inflammatory effect caused by autoantibodies is mediated by binding to Fc receptors on leukocytes, which is an important cause of downstream tissue damage. Meanwhile, autoantibodies can also directly mediate tissue damage in diseases through complement activation [5]. In the development stage of the disease, genetic factors and environmental factors may interact in turn to promote the development of autoimmunity and ultimately lead to tissue inflammation and damage, becoming a chronic disease with multiple organs and multiple system damage.



Clinically, once diagnosed, patients should be treated with medication in time to avoid further development of the disease causing damage to organs or systems such as the liver and kidney. Clinically, commonly used glucocorticoids and traditional disease-improving antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have good anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and improving or delaying disease progression effects and are still used as the first-line choice for clinical treatment of rheumatic immune diseases [9, 10]. However, for first-line treatments with single or combined regimens that do not respond well or cannot tolerate them, other treatment options with potential curative effects need to be considered . For example, stem cell transplantation, biological preparations, or new botanical preparations, as well as some antirheumatic drug candidates that may modulate or suppress immunity, in order to alleviate the condition of patients with refractory rheumatism and improve their quality of life. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells are one of the most promising therapeutic strategies },

keywords = {Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Therapeutic Effects of Physical Exercise and the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome by Modulating Neuroinflammatory Response in Multiple Sclerosis},

author = {Lina María González and Laura Natalia Ospina and Laura Elena Sperling and Orlando Chaparro and Jaison Daniel Cucarián},

url = {10.2174/1574888X16666211209155333},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-18},

abstract = {Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by Central Nervous System (CNS) lesions that lead to high levels of disability and severe physical and cognitive disturbances. Conventional therapies are not enough to control the neuroinflammatory process in MS and are not able to inhibit ongoing damage to the CNS. Thus, the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-S) has been postulated as a potential therapy that could mitigate symptoms and disease progression. We considered that its combination with physical exercise (EX) could induce superior effects and increase the MSC-S effectiveness in this condition. Recent studies have revealed that both EX and MSC-S share similar mechanisms of action that mitigate auto-reactive T cell infiltration, regulate the local inflammatory response, modulate the proinflammatory profile of glial cells, and reduce neuronal damage. Clinical and experimental studies have reported that these treatments in an isolated way also improve myelination, regeneration, promote the release of neurotrophic factors, and increase the recruitment of endogenous stem cells. Together, these effects reduce disease progression and improve patient functionality. Despite these results, the combination of these methods has not yet been studied in MS. In this review, we focus on molecular elements and cellular responses induced by these treatments in a separate way, showing their beneficial effects in the control of symptoms and disease progression in MS, as well as indicating their contribution in clinical fields. In addition, we propose the combined use of EX and MSC-S as a strategy to boost their reparative and immunomodulatory effects in this condition, combining their benefits on synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, remyelination, and neuroinflammatory response. The findings here reported are based on the scientific evidence and our professional experience that will bring significant progress to regenerative medicine to deal with this condition.},

keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Stem cell therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia},

author = {Maziar Malekzadeh Kebria and Peiman Brouki Milan and Noshad Peyravian and Jafar Kiani and Soheil Khatibi and Masoud Mozafari},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-021-00067-8},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-02-17},

abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is a highly contagious microorganism, and despite substantial investigation, no progress has been achieved in treating post-COVID complications. However, the virus has made various mutations and has spread around the world. Researchers have tried different treatments to reduce the side effects of the COVID-19 symptoms. One of the most common and effective treatments now used is steroid therapy to reduce the complications of this disease. Long-term steroid therapy for chronic inflammation following COVID-19 is harmful and increases the risk of secondary infection, and effective treatment remains challenging owing to fibrosis and severe inflammation and infection. Sometimes our immune system can severely damage ourselves in disease. In the past, many researchers have conducted various studies on the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. This property of stem cells led them to modulate the immune system of autoimmune diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's. Because of their immunomodulatory properties, stem cell-based therapy employing mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells may be a viable alternative treatment option in some patients. By priming the immune system and providing cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, stem cells can be employed to build a long-term regenerative and protective response. This review addresses the latest trends and rapid progress in stem cell treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) following COVID-19.},

keywords = {Long COVID},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as a Novel Strategy for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration},

author = {Lin Lu and Aoshuang Xu and Fei Gao and Chenjun Tian and Honglin Wang and Jiayao Zhang and Yi Xie and Pengran Liu and Songxiang Liu and Cao Yang and Zhewei Ye and Xinghuo Wu 1},

url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35141231},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-24},

abstract = {Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been reported to be the most prevalent contributor to low back pain, posing a significant strain on the healthcare systems on a global scale. Currently, there are no approved therapies available for the prevention of the progressive degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD); however, emerging regenerative strategies that aim to restore the normal structure of the disc have been fundamentally promising. In the last decade, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received a significant deal of interest for the treatment of IVDD due to their differentiation potential, immunoregulatory capabilities, and capability to be cultured and regulated in a favorable environment. Recent investigations show that the pleiotropic impacts of MSCs are regulated by the production of soluble paracrine factors. Exosomes play an important role in regulating such effects. In this review, we have summarized the current treatments for disc degenerative diseases and their limitations and highlighted the therapeutic role and its underlying mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes in IVDD, as well as the possible future developments for exosomes.},

keywords = {Back Pain, Disc Regeneration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles inhibit shoulder stiffness via let-7a/Tgfbr1 axis},

author = {Zhiwen Luo and Yaying Sun and Beijie Qi and Jinrong Lin and Yisheng Chen and Yuzhen Xu and Jiwu Chen},

url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/35386460},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-23},

abstract = {Shoulder stiffness (SS) is a common shoulder disease characterized by increasing pain and limited range of motion. SS is considered to be an inflammatory and fibrotic disorder pathologically. However, there is no consensus on the most effective conservative treatment for fibrosis. Given that human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs) displayed promising therapeutic effects for various tissues, we investigated the therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs on fibrosis in a mice immobilization model and two cell models. By conducting a series of experiments, we found that BMSC-EVs can significantly inhibit the fibrogenic process both in vitro and in vivo. In detail, BMSC-EVs suppressed the aberrant proliferation, high collagen production capacity, and activation of fibrotic pathways in TGF-β-stimulated fibroblasts in vitro. Besides, in vivo, BMSC-EVs reduced cell infiltration, reduced fibrotic tissue in the shoulder capsule, and improved shoulder mobility. In addition, via exosomal small RNA sequencing and qPCR analysis, let-7a-5p was verified to be the highest expressed miRNA with predicted antifibrotic capability in BMSC-EVs. The antifibrotic capacity of BMSC-EVs was significantly impaired after the knockdown of let-7a-5p. Moreover, we discovered that the mRNA of TGFBR1 (the membrane receptor of transforming growth factor β) was the target of let-7a-5p. Together, these findings elucidated the antifibrotic role of BMSC-EVs in shoulder capsular fibrosis. This study clarifies a new approach using stem cell-derived EVs therapy as an alternative to cell therapy, which may clinically benefit patients with SS in the future.},

keywords = {Exosomes, Joint Conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Human mesenchymal stem cells treatment for severe COVID-19},

author = {Lei Shi and Xin Yuan and Weiqi Yao and Siyu Wang and Chao Zhang and Bo Zhang and Jinwen Song and Lei Huang and Zhe Xu},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103789},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-25},

abstract = {MSC administration improved in whole-lung lesion volume compared with the placebo with a difference of -10.8% (95% CI: -20.7%, -1.5%, p = 0.030) on day 10. MSC also reduced the proportion of solid component lesion volume compared with the placebo at each follow-up point. More interestingly, 17.9% (10/56) of patients in the MSC group had normal CT images at month 12, but none in the placebo group (p = 0.013). The incidence of symptoms was lower in the MSC group than in the placebo group at each follow-up time. Neutralizing antibodies were all positive, with a similar median inhibition rate (61.6% vs. 67.6%) in both groups at month 12. No difference in adverse events at the 1-year follow-up and tumor markers at month 12 were observed between the two groups.

},

keywords = {Long COVID},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis},

author = {Madina Sarsenova and Assel Issabekova and Saule Abisheva and Kristina Rutskaya-Moroshan and Vyacheslav Ogay and Arman Saparov},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijms222111592},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-22},

abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential to differentiate into various types of cells, including but not limited to, adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts. In addition to their progenitor characteristics, MSCs hold unique immunomodulatory properties that provide new opportunities in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and can serve as a promising tool in stem cell-based therapy. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that deteriorates quality and function of the synovium membrane, resulting in chronic inflammation, pain and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanism of RA pathogenesis is associated with dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Current conventional treatments by steroid drugs, antirheumatic drugs and biological agents are being applied in clinical practice. However, long-term use of these drugs causes side effects, and some RA patients may acquire resistance to these drugs. In this regard, recently investigated MSC-based therapy is considered as a promising approach in RA treatment. In this study, we review conventional and modern treatment approaches, such as MSC-based therapy through the understanding of the link between MSCs and the innate and adaptive immune systems. Moreover, we discuss recent achievements in preclinical and clinical studies as well as various strategies for the enhancement of MSC immunoregulatory properties.},

keywords = {Arthritis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Potential for Stem Cell-Based Therapy in the Road of Treatment for Neurological Disorders Secondary to COVID-19},

author = {Babak Arjmand and Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari and Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam and Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani and Akram Tayanloo-Beik and Neda Mehrdad and Hossein Adibi and Bagher Larijani},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-021-00234-x},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-29},

urldate = {2021-10-29},

abstract = {Due to the substantial burden of neurological disorders in the health, economic, and social system of society, the emergence of neurological manifestations following COVID-19 (as a life-threatening pandemic) creates the need to use efficient and modern methods of treatment. Since stem cell-based methods have been efficient for a large number of neurological diseases, it seems that the use of mentioned methods is also effective in the process of improving neurological disorders caused by COVID-19. Hereupon, the current review aims to address stem cell-based approaches as treatments showing promise to neurological disorders related to COVID-19.},

keywords = {Long COVID, Neurological Conditions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles mitigate oxidative stress-induced senescence in endothelial cells via regulation of miR-146a/Src},

author = {Xiao X and Xu M and Yu H and Wang L and Li X and Rak J and Wang S and Zhao RC},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00765-3},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-21},

urldate = {2021-10-21},

abstract = {Senescent endothelial cells (ECs) could impair the integrity of the blood vessel endothelium, leading to vascular aging and a series of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes. Preventing or mitigating EC senescence might serve as a promising therapeutic paradigm for these diseases. Recent studies showed that small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have the potential to transfer bioactive molecules into recipient cells and induce phenotypic changes. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been postulated as an important source cell in regenerative medicine, herein we investigated the role and mechanism of MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) on EC senescence. In vitro results showed that MSC-sEV reduced senescent biomarkers, decreased senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), rescued angiogenesis, migration and other dysfunctions in senescent EC induced by oxidative stress. In the In vivo natural aging and type-2 diabetes mouse wound-healing models (both of which have senescent ECs), MSC-sEV promoted wound closure and new blood vessel formation. Mechanically, miRNA microarray showed that miR-146a was highly expressed in MSC-sEV and also upregulated in EC after MSC-sEV treatment. miR-146a inhibitors abolished the stimulatory effects of MSC-sEV on senescence. Moreover, we found miR-146a could suppress Src phosphorylation and downstream targets VE-cadherin and Caveolin-1. Collectively, our data indicate that MSC-sEV mitigated endothelial cell senescence and stimulate angiogenesis through miR-146a/Src.},

keywords = {Anti-Aging},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Autoimmune Diseases},

author = {Ziwei Shen and Wei Huang and Jun Liu and Jie Tian and Shengjun Wang and Ke Rui},

url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.749192},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-21},

urldate = {2021-09-21},

abstract = {Recent years, the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated in preclinical studies and trials of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs is primarily attributed to the paracrine pathway. As one of the key paracrine effectors, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) are small vesicles 30-200 nm in diameter that play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying bioactive substances from parental cells. Recent studies support the finding that MSC-EXOs have an obvious inhibitory effect toward different effector cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune response. Moreover, substantial progress has been made in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type-1 diabetes (T1DM), uveitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MSC-EXOs are capable of reproducing MSC function and overcoming the limitations of traditional cell therapy. Therefore, using MSC-EXOs instead of MSCs to treat autoimmune diseases appears to be a promising cell-free treatment strategy. In this review, we review the current understanding of MSC-EXOs and discuss the regulatory role of MSC-EXOs on immune cells and its potential application in autoimmune diseases.},

keywords = {Arthritis, Autoimmune Disorders, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Systemic Lupus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}